Description
Use this function to modify theme settings.
Usage
theme(..., complete = FALSE, validate = TRUE)Arguments
a list of element name, element pairings that modify theexisting theme. set this to TRUE if this is a complete theme, such asthe one returned TRUE to run validate_element, FALSE to bypass checks.by theme_grey(). Complete themes behavedifferently when added to a ggplot object.
Theme elements
The individual theme elements are:line all line elements ( element_line)rect all rectangular elements ( element_rect)text all text elements ( element_text)title all title elements: plot, axes, legends ( element_text; inherits from text)aspect.ratio aspect ratio of the panel axis.title label of axes ( element_text; inherits from text)axis.title.x x axis label ( element_text; inherits from axis.title)axis.title.y y axis label ( element_text; inherits from axis.title)axis.text tick labels along axes ( element_text; inherits from text)axis.text.x x axis tick labels ( element_text; inherits from axis.text)axis.text.y y axis tick labels ( element_text; inherits from axis.text)axis.ticks tick marks along axes ( element_line; inherits from line)axis.ticks.x x axis tick marks ( element_line; inherits from axis.ticks)axis.ticks.y y axis tick marks ( element_line; inherits from axis.ticks)axis.ticks.length length of tick marks ( unit)axis.line lines along axes ( element_line; inherits from line)axis.line.x line along x axis ( element_line; inherits from axis.line)axis.line.y line along y axis ( element_line; inherits from axis.line)legend.background background of legend ( element_rect; inherits from rect)legend.margin extra space added around legend ( unit)legend.key background underneath legend keys ( element_rect; inherits from rect)legend.key.size size of legend keys ( unit; inherits from legend.key.size)legend.key.height key background height ( unit; inherits from legend.key.size)legend.key.width key background width ( unit; inherits from legend.key.size)legend.text legend item labels ( element_text; inherits from text)legend.text.align alignment of legend labels (number from 0 (left) to 1 (right)) legend.title title of legend ( element_text; inherits from title)legend.title.align alignment of legend title (number from 0 (left) to 1 (right)) legend.position the position of legends ("none", "left", "right", "bottom", "top", or two-element numeric vector) legend.direction layout of items in legends ("horizontal" or "vertical") legend.justification anchor point for positioning legend inside plot ("center" or two-element numeric vector) legend.box arrangement of multiple legends ("horizontal" or "vertical") legend.box.just justification of each legend within the overall bounding box, when there are multiple legends ("top", "bottom", "left", or "right") panel.background background of plotting area, drawn underneath plot ( element_rect; inherits from rect)panel.border border around plotting area, drawn on top of plot so that it covers tick marks and grid lines. This should be used with fill=NA (element_rect; inherits from rect)panel.margin margin around facet panels ( unit)panel.margin.x horizontal margin around facet panels ( unit; inherits from panel.margin)panel.margin.y vertical margin around facet panels ( unit; inherits from panel.margin)panel.grid grid lines ( element_line; inherits from line)panel.grid.major major grid lines ( element_line; inherits from panel.grid)panel.grid.minor minor grid lines ( element_line; inherits from panel.grid)panel.grid.major.x vertical major grid lines ( element_line; inherits from panel.grid.major)panel.grid.major.y horizontal major grid lines ( element_line; inherits from panel.grid.major)panel.grid.minor.x vertical minor grid lines ( element_line; inherits from panel.grid.minor)panel.grid.minor.y horizontal minor grid lines ( element_line; inherits from panel.grid.minor)panel.ontop option to place the panel (background, gridlines) over the data layers. Usually used with a transparent or blank panel.background. (logical)plot.background background of the entire plot ( element_rect; inherits from rect)plot.title plot title (text appearance) ( element_text; inherits from title) left-aligned by defaultplot.subtitle plot subtitle (text appearance) ( element_text; inherits from title) left-aligned by defaultplot.caption caption below the plot (text appearance) ( element_text; inherits from title) right-aligned by defaultplot.margin margin around entire plot ( unit with the sizes of the top, right, bottom, and left margins)strip.background background of facet labels ( element_rect; inherits from rect)strip.text facet labels ( element_text; inherits from text)strip.text.x facet labels along horizontal direction ( element_text; inherits from strip.text)strip.text.y facet labels along vertical direction ( element_text; inherits from strip.text)strip.switch.pad.grid space between strips and axes when strips are switched ( unit)strip.switch.pad.wrap space between strips and axes when strips are switched ( unit)
Details
Theme elements can inherit properties from other theme elements.For example, axis.title.x inherits from axis.title,which in turn inherits from text. All text elements inheritdirectly or indirectly from text; all lines inherit fromline, and all rectangular objects inherit from rect.
For more examples of modifying properties using inheritance,%+replace%.
To see a graphical representation of the inheritance tree, see thelast example below.
See Also
%+replace%
rel
element_blank
element_line
element_rect
element_text
Examples
# \donttest{p <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(mpg, wt)) + geom_point()pp + theme(panel.background = element_rect(colour = "pink"))p + theme_bw()# Scatter plot of gas mileage by vehicle weightp <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) + geom_point()# Calculate slope and intercept of line of best fitcoef(lm(mpg ~ wt, data = mtcars))p + geom_abline(intercept = 37, slope = -5)# Calculate correlation coefficientwith(mtcars, cor(wt, mpg, use = "everything", method = "pearson"))#annotate the plotp + geom_abline(intercept = 37, slope = -5) +geom_text(data = data.frame(), aes(4.5, 30, label = "Pearson-R = -.87"))# Change the axis labels# Original plotpp + labs(x = "Vehicle Weight", y = "Miles per Gallon")# Orp + labs(x = "Vehicle Weight", y = "Miles per Gallon")# Change title appearancep <- p + labs(title = "Vehicle Weight-Gas Mileage Relationship")# Set title to twice the base font sizep + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = rel(2)))p + theme(plot.title = element_text(size = rel(2), colour = "blue"))# Add a subtitle and adjust bottom marginp + labs(title = "Vehicle Weight-Gas Mileage Relationship", subtitle = "You need to wrap long subtitleson manually") + theme(plot.subtitle = element_text(margin = margin(b = 20)))# Changing plot look with themesDF <- data.frame(x = rnorm(400))m <- ggplot(DF, aes(x = x)) + geom_histogram()# Default is theme_grey()m# Compare withm + theme_bw()# Manipulate Axis Attributesm + theme(axis.line = element_line(size = 3, colour = "red", linetype = "dotted"))m + theme(axis.text = element_text(colour = "blue"))m + theme(axis.text.y = element_blank())m + theme(axis.ticks = element_line(size = 2))m + theme(axis.title.y = element_text(size = rel(1.5), angle = 90))m + theme(axis.title.x = element_blank())m + theme(axis.ticks.length = unit(.85, "cm"))# Legend Attributesz <- ggplot(mtcars, aes(wt, mpg)) + geom_point(aes(colour = factor(cyl)))zz + theme(legend.position = "none")z + theme(legend.position = "bottom")# Or use relative coordinates between 0 and 1z + theme(legend.position = c(.5, .5))# Add a border to the whole legendz + theme(legend.background = element_rect(colour = "black"))# Legend margin controls extra space around outside of legend:z + theme(legend.background = element_rect(), legend.margin = unit(1, "cm"))z + theme(legend.background = element_rect(), legend.margin = unit(0, "cm"))# Or to just the keysz + theme(legend.key = element_rect(colour = "black"))z + theme(legend.key = element_rect(fill = "yellow"))z + theme(legend.key.size = unit(2.5, "cm"))z + theme(legend.text = element_text(size = 20, colour = "red", angle = 45))z + theme(legend.title = element_text(face = "italic"))# To change the title of the legend use the name argument# in one of the scale optionsz + scale_colour_brewer(name = "My Legend")z + scale_colour_grey(name = "Number of \nCylinders")# Panel and Plot Attributesz + theme(panel.background = element_rect(fill = "black"))z + theme(panel.border = element_rect(linetype = "dashed", colour = "black"))z + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "blue"))z + theme(panel.grid.minor = element_line(colour = "red", linetype = "dotted"))z + theme(panel.grid.major = element_line(size = 2))z + theme(panel.grid.major.y = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank())z + theme(plot.background = element_rect())z + theme(plot.background = element_rect(fill = "green"))# Faceting Attributesset.seed(4940)dsmall <- diamonds[sample(nrow(diamonds), 1000), ]k <- ggplot(dsmall, aes(carat, ..density..)) + geom_histogram(binwidth = 0.2) + facet_grid(. ~ cut)k + theme(strip.background = element_rect(colour = "purple", fill = "pink", size = 3, linetype = "dashed"))k + theme(strip.text.x = element_text(colour = "red", angle = 45, size = 10, hjust = 0.5, vjust = 0.5))k + theme(panel.margin = unit(5, "lines"))k + theme(panel.margin.y = unit(0, "lines"))# Put gridlines on topmeanprice <- tapply(diamonds$price, diamonds$cut, mean)cut <- factor(levels(diamonds$cut), levels = levels(diamonds$cut))df <- data.frame(meanprice, cut)g <- ggplot(df, aes(cut, meanprice)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity")g + geom_bar(stat = "identity") + theme(panel.background = element_blank(), panel.grid.major.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor.x = element_blank(), panel.grid.minor.y = element_blank(), panel.ontop = TRUE)# Modify a theme and save itmytheme <- theme_grey() + theme(plot.title = element_text(colour = "red"))p + mytheme# }Run the code above in your browser using DataLab
